The Concept Of Global Governance

The Concept Of Global Governance This essay seeks to examine how the concept of global governance as has become a key issue in solving global problems. The essay will start by introducing the concepts of global governance using different readings, lectures, Journals and my personal view regarding the issue. The first section of the essay will illustrate the need of global governance as required for global solution, and the second section will examine some criticism/challenges on implementation of global governance. Finally, the author will draw a conclusion based on review findings. The concept of global governance has become a controversial idea in academic and international world today. For the last two decades the notion was mainly focus on political theory overview, however, the meaning has become broader and it includes further disciplines. Pattberg and Dingwerth (2006:188) accept that, the meaning of global governance stems mainly from the fact that the concept is evoked not only where governance in the sense in which it has been introduced in political theory is at issue, but also in a variety of further contexts. In this regards, it evaluates that the idea of global governance it relevant link with highly political processes, focused on accountability, legitimacy authority, democracy, though which increasing of market liberalisation and poverty reduction programmes can be addressed as global issue. In addition Pattberg and Dingwerth (2006:187) state that, global governance perspective can be defined in two major part namely normative and analytical uses. Normative use, is explained as political programme, global governance is not so much an empirical or analytical term as it is political concept that capture a vision of how societies should address the most pressing global problem. The above definition emphasise that, global governance as political programme does not provide the consideration on the different extending problem it focus on political struggle, social transformation, democracy, power and rule of law. At this point in time global governance is still more vision than description of actual state of the international state (ibid.2006:194). On the other hand, analytical uses (observable phenomenon) level of implementation and pursuit of goals is very crucial for the process of global governance, Global governance is conceived to include system of rule at all levels of human activity from the family to the international organisation. (ibid.2006:189) In generally, this perspective insists that, the level of implementation of global governance is very essential and can be determined from family to international level. Hence, the term global does not directly mean only global in nature, but also the need to emphasize solving problems in state, regional and international levels is very necessary. In generally, Global governance is understood as the way of solving globally problems. Most literatures describe this concept as a process of finding the solution to existing problems globally. Whitman (2009:8) argues that, global governance suffices to outline the scope of global governance as an activity: Efforts to bring more orderly and reliability to social and political issues that are beyond the capacity of states to address individually. The above definition it evaluates that, the notion of global governance is an instrument or tools which is based on facing of emerging global problems, hence individual states may not alone solve the existing or emerging humanitarian and political problems. Different with above scholars, many writes explain that, global governance is a process which is less integrated with global solution. Murphy. (2000: 791) accepts that, global governance widely accepted, instance of the moral insufficiency of contemporary global governance. This situation evaluate that, global governance demonstrating that, the process is insufficient to provide global solution due to exiting international institutional fail to take an immediate responds on humanitarian crisis. Example the 1994 Rwanda genocide, UN had enforced the Tusi military stopped massacre at early stage. Furthermore, global governance has less correlation with globalisation process, hence; it has extended the gap on democratic procedure and economic interactions and balance of power between poor and rich countries. Murphy. (2000:791). global-level governance is less concerned with globalisations undermining of substantive democracy and more concerned with the consequences of an unregulated world. Therefore, it analysis that, the process of globalisation is undermine democratic procedure at national level at same time global governance is not effective in address national level issue. In my view, I agree with Halabis view (2004:23) that global governance is an attempt to manipulate the forces of globalisation, mitigate globalisations negative effects due to globalisation is the is an exogenously given factor that does not automatically lead to global governance in the same way that anarchy in the international system does not necessary lead to cooperation among state.(ibid; 23).Therefore the existing globally problem namely, international crime, and environmental changes, HIV/Aids and adaptive mutation, international migrations, all these problems requires global rules and global actors. Hence the successful of this process needs correlation from different actors. Whitman (2009:12) accepts that, different actors states most prominently; international law and organisation; regional organisations; the scientific and medical communities; and non-governmental and commercial organisation. Conversely, peoples participation from different levels is very is very crucial i n order to solve social, economic and political problem, in pursuing globally development. Why the need for Global Governance: As it mentioned above the meaning of global governance has become broader. Global governance can accelerates the pace of process of globalisation by using international institutions link with social economic and political field. Halabi (2004:24) agreed that, global governance is an attempt to administer globalization and resolve dispute between states so that developing as well as developed countries can purse wealth under constructed structure of their own choice. In this regards, it is argue that, the existing internationally problems needs globally interferences rather than individual state action, in different level Individual states can empower the international actors to address the existing challenges. Indeed, Whitman (2009:1) accepts that HIV/AIDS pandemic; climate change; criminal and terrorist network and nuclear weapons these are regarding as global crises which require global attention rather individual states. Since 1980s the concept of global environmental and climate changes is considered as one among the policy of global governance, due to its effects and challenges resulting from on it. In addition Halabi (2004:24) argue that, environmental changes such as global warming have occurred as a result of excessive utilization of resources and pollution. In this regards, global environmental change has been the result of technological and industrial developments which poses threat to leaves world. In other words, the effects of climate change is increasing the destruction of productive area, and causing and hazards around the world by increasing carbon dioxide, emission of sea production and other natural resources. As a tool and instrument, global governance it enhances representativeness of political processes, regulations and accountability by different actors like UN (United Nations) Human Right Institutions, ICC (international Court of Criminal) Security Council and civil society by monitoring and evaluating international security, and fighting different crimes international crime such as terrorism , and development nuclear weapons and sale of small arms which have led to increased is conflicts, genocide and other effects in different part of the world. As Mehta(2007:01) point out, the world security situation is more dangerous now that during the cold war, there are continuous violence in Iraq, and Afghanistan, tension of looming attack on Iran and terrorist organisation acquiring nuclear weapons. In other word, without security council and UN to impose global rule which will governed and save the people especially vulnerable and innocent and group including women and children. Consequentl y, will be devastating also both developing and developed countries continue to spend more budgets in military rather then in social and development programmes which has negative consequences in society. Global Governance is needed to reverse these trends. Many writers have argued that global trade is one area in which a global solution is needed. At currently, the main regulator of international trade World Trade Organisation (WTO). However, this institution is being criticized for favouring the developed world and rather discriminating against developing countries in terms of its policies and practices such as subsidies and fair trade in the global market. Whitman(2009:2) notes that, global trade is regulated by international and agreements, most notably the WTO, these regulations are problematic in practical ways and are a certainly highly contentious in political terms, but trade is a dynamic features of way of life, not problem that can be solved. As a matter of fact, there is a big gap between developing countries and industrial countries which constrains trade between them. Developing countries are still facing implementation problems of the regulations including high tariffs, productivity, and production function and income dis tribution. Challenges: This essay has assessed the need for global governance to find out why should now we speak of global solution in international political economy field. Global governance as process linking with globalisation, it speed up solving globally problem, international regulation of laws and enhance development around the world, It is still is debatable process, relation of development particular in developing countries However, it is still is a debatable process, particularly in relation to development in developing countries. There are different challenges which are facing the process and practice of global governance. These challenges are: Firstly, the main challenge is domination of actors in implementation of this process. It is still confusing and it is believed that, the concept global means only dominants of powerful actors like G8 and G20. According to Mehta, (2007:4), the G8 (France, United Kingdom, Germany, USA, Japan, Italy, Canada and Russian), initially concentrating on economic matters are now in a sense representative of world community, and yet playing a powerful role in guiding the response to international challenges. This indicates that, in economic point of view, G8 as the powerful act as one institution regulates and guide world economic procedures. Hence the correlation between global governance and the poor and rich countries is to large extent, less comprehensible due to existing hierarchy of dominant and subordinate states. On the hand, the existence of unilateral power is one among the constraints for implementing global governance. The question is global governance, of, by and for whom? Whitman, (2009; 1). The unilateral mode is being led by powerful States only Besides including Security Council solution. Mehta (2007:3) state that, The US, under the guise of finding weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq, led a unilateral invasion on the country without an explicit security Council authority Conclusion To sum up, this paper has argued that, there is the need for global solution as perspective of international relation discipline, from a certain point of view, the existing situation of the global solving problem it remain is unsatisfactory to provide the clear picture of the meaning of global governance. Hence there is further need for international agencies and individual states to take purposeful actions to generate responsiveness on informing the meaning of global governance and how it can be implemented. Not only that changing of mind of people, states, civil societies and other actors about the fact that existing international problems can only be solved by global institutions it is also important to recognise that no individual or state can solve its problems entirely without interaction between different partners. Also, the essay has established that the practice of the processes of global governance today has biases between the dominant and subordinate states in different areas such as international trade, security, and finance, and democracy; hence the urgent need for all actors to work together in order to reduce challenges which hinder implementation of global governance processes. Furthermore, there is the need to the global community to minimize if not completely subdue unilateral rule in the implementation of global governance, processes since this rather creates physical and structural violence resulting in negative effects on vulnerable groups, including women and children. Finally, there is the urgent tasks of international agencies including ILO, World Bank, IMF, WTO, UN, civil societies, and individual states to work in a coordinated manner to help developing countries meet all the MDGs goals and ensure peace, protection for human rights and reduction of climate change impacts at national, regional and international levels Global governance thus have an important role in ensuring this happen in addition to creating a peaceful nuclear free global community.

Best Friend Award

Valerie Martinez CMST100 4/22/12 The Best Friend Award For my best award I chose my best friend, Arely. I chose Arely because I really that we’ve had a long friendship during high school, considering that things don’t always last during our high school years. Not only because we’ve been friends for so long, but also because I’ve gone through some hardships throughout those years and she was there for me.She never gave up or got sick of me going to her and telling her all my feelings, in other words venting to her about everything. She knows me so well; I sometimes think she knows me better than I know myself. She’s always makes me feel better and I just love our friendship and I believe she deserves the best friend award. I decided to give her a letter telling her how much I appreciate her and thank her for her being my best friend.I also mentioned what I like about our relationship and what I wanted us to keep going and what I wanted to do to make things better for our relationship. This letter I wrote on was on white paper and I decorated it with a lot of pink because I know that is her favorite color. Arely and I both are taking the same class, so I don’t think she was that surprised to have gotten this letter. When I gave it to her, she didn’t read it till later that day.I got a text from her late at night that day and she said, â€Å" aww I love you†. Overall, I think this assignment is a really good idea. I think once in a while we need to remind the ones we love that we love them. There are many people that don’t do that and their friend might feel sad because they wish their friend could tell them they appreciate him or her. I know I don’t do that very often and writing this letter made me realize that I need to let the people that I care about know that I love them more often.

Class Divided Essay

When I first read the title a Class Divided; the first thought that came to my mind was another story about Blacks and Whites being separated. I really had no idea that what I was about to see and read would be a learning lesson like one I had never had before. But to my surprise once I started reading the article One Friday in April 1968 I knew that this was going to be different then any thing I had read. So I allowed myself to fill what the writer was writing to try and fill what Jane Elliott had felt that day in April in 1968. As she prepared to face a group of 3rd grade students who happened, to be white and teach them about racism and discrimination something she hoped they would understand the rest of their lives. Jane Elliott had taught her class about what the two things had mint before but not on the level she had planed to go to today; she hoped that with what she was planning to do would not mean she had crossed the line to far, but if not her then who and if not then when. It was not something that Jane Elliott could put off any longer. With the assassination of Rev Martin Luther King the night before this assignment was sure not to be an easy task. Jane Elliott knew things would be different in class this morning! But she was a women who knew in her heart what task laid before her and not quite sure how the outcome would be, or how or what response the children or their parents may have it was to late too turn around now. This was a situation that was going on all over the world not just in her town or in America. And it was time that someone brought right to the face of Americans children I mean who is the leaders of tomorrow but the children of today. And they might as well get a taste of the real world now; really what could the worst that could happen? You might find out that even at that young age, some of them might even understand that racism and discrimination is something they never want to be a part of or on the flip side you would have a bunch of racists’ running around; it was best to know now what kind of people were being raised instead of finding out later when they get to old to even change. The technique that Jane Elliott used was very different then any I had heard about and since by the video I knew there where no blacks in her class to see how she would divide the class I was very interested. And here white women a teacher from a rule town was willing to put and idea a solution of an age old question of how to stop discrimination. Something the nation had no solution to and countries and people were battling over everyday. How was this demonstration with kids going to change anything? Jane Elliott took a chance not just for wanting to teach students about racism and discrimination but teach it in a manner in which you as a person could actually feel acknowledge and understand the experience that they just went through to know how it feels to walk in another man shoes. Jane wanted her students to understand that at the end of the day no one is superior or inferior to anyone else no matter what your status is in life. Now I admit I had no idea how she was going to approach this difficult task and get the point across but as I continued to watch on, it was becoming clearer. When Jane Elliott started her class the following morning it started off I guess you could say any normal class day would start the students seem to be as happy as the average 3rd grader would be. The normal inquisitive minds of most kids; as the kids hung up there coast and put away their coat and lunches away she started getting the kids in order and as class started she asked them a question like did they know what were some of the things that made other people different from themselves and other whites. Some said size one said clothes but color was the one they all could agree on and so she asked them what where some of the skin colors that where different then their own? Blacks and sometimes they were called Negros and Indians. So she asked the kids and how did they think that people of other colors felt by feeling different about being different they said they felt that blacks did not feel as smart by not being white, and they felt stupid because they were black. And so with that she asked them how they would fill if they were treated different because of their color! Now keep in mind this is the week of national Brotherhood and you are suppose to treat your fellow mates with respect and love show them you care because they are your brother. And Jane Elliott was about to do just the opposite. She asked them how would they fill if they where treated different because of the color they where now at first I’m thinking how is this going too work they are all white. But she told them that she was going to divide them up by the color of their eyes. Now for that day all people with blue eyes were going to be better then the brown eyes and it was like immediately you seen a whole different reaction from the class, it was if these weren’t even the same kids the brown eyed kids started to withdraw almost immediately and the blue eyes were in full bloom. Some of the blue eyed kids even gave a solution on how Ms Jane should handle the brown eyed kids with a yard stick incase they got out of hand. Now by lunch time the blue eyes felt on top of the world they told not to play with brown eyed kids and that they could have seconds on food the brown kids could not. Now for the brown eyes you could see the confusion on their faces the hurt they actually tried to rationalize how the same kids they had been friends with and played with change so much. And I remembered thinking how could in such a short period of time could these sweet kids turn into the ill monsters they has become. For me it was like if it took them such little time to embrace such a cruel sprite then I knew how it must be for grown people who exercise this kind of behavior for a long period of time how bitter and angry they must be not at the world but themselves. Now one of the scenes on the playground when the blue eyed boy taunts the brown eyed boys and they get into the brawl it hurt because before this experiment they were friends. And just in a couple of hours all there upbringing and brotherly love had went out the window. Now when Jane asked the boys what happen the blue eyed boy said it made him fill powerful and in charge? He said it made him fill like a king. The brown eyed boy to me on the hand seemed to be more affected by what had happen at lunch he said he was hurt and they use to be friends that the eyes had nothing to do with it they had been friends and even though he hit the blue eyed boy it did not make him fill better. This made me see that even though this was the first time they had put a division among the students the lust for power emerged quickly in some with out hesitation and others went along with it because that’s what they were told to do while again the brown eyed boy stood up for himself regardless of what the teacher said even though he admitted that he did not like being treated different and fighting did not make it better he just knew it was not fair. On returning back to class Ms Jane also noticed how the blue eyed kids were getting there work done faster and even being more helpful she noticed how the brown eyed kids looked like they where helpless and not really participating in class time you tell they felt rejected. It was as if had caught the essence of creating a bad situation but had the answer for straitening it out all was not lost. Jane announced to the that the roles had changed the following morning in class and believe me the blue eyes where not to happy with the change this mint they would be on the bottom and the brown eyes were on top. Some kids did not want to do it anymore while others could not wait to be on top. What this showed me with kids is that they do as they see being done just as well as what they hear. When it was time to go back to being normal no more blue eyes no more brown eyes over all the kids seemed to be happy to return to the normal class setting; she allowed the kids to tell what they like and disliked better about it and in the end the all promised not to ever dislike somebody because of there skin color. When Jane Elliott did this same experiment in the jail there was a whole different reaction here the video was showed to the inmates not as a test but more as a teaching tool which I kind of understood discrimination is something that most of the prisoners had encountered some where along the way either in there or one of the reasons they where in jail in the first place. But she did use the correctional officers and parole agents and I could not believe what was going on one man early on caught on that it must have been some kind of test because he notice the obvious brown eyes only signs blue eyes only signs seating situation while others tried very heard but it was this one lady she was a blue eye and a correctional officer she questioned and taunted everything that Jane wanted them to do prior to the blue eyes meeting in the room with the brown eyed people she sort told them that the group of people entering were going to be rude loud dominant and disruptive once the seminar bega n. No one knew what was going on but she was setting the blue eye people to fail. She made them annoyed in every way possible so about time the group was together it would seem that the blue eyed people were just as she described. Now the Lady with the blue eyes seemed to be the type of person that was easily irritated to start with her whole persona was if she was in charge and not Jane she answered questions with questions kept getting smart like she was going to be in charge no matter what it was her life and job were one in one and nobody was going to make her fill less she controlled the inmates at work and that was how her personality came off as if she did not come second to anyone things went her way or no way and that there is only one right answer hers; she became very annoying too me and she made me fill like some people In authority position now like its only their way that works does on like individuality love making people fill less in order for them to feel good about the mselves. It seems if the other blue eyed people were willing to try and work out was being taught she kept a defensive block up all the time. Her behavior had begun to annoyed a lot of the people in the room including some blue eyes This also made me see how much easier it was for the children to grasp what was being taught; more then the adults the kids were willing to say that how they were able to treat people even when they were told to do so if it mint treating them bad they did not like it. Of course for the one kid who felt like it gave him power. The correctional officer Acted, as if to admit that you are not better then the person next to you then there better then you. I think she had control issues; me, personally fill that you can learn something new ever day if you are willing to learn you have good and bad I every race good and bad comes in many shapes and sizes. But if you be the best you can be treat people with kindness and respect you will get treated the same. As long as you know there are exceptions to all rules and some people are just not nice no matter what. But don’t let that change who you are. Smile and somebody bound to smile back.

Essay on Good and Evil in The Crucible by Arthur Miller

In the past, every decade and every generation has had its momentous event that has shaped it and left a mark on its history. The 1600s were no different. In The Crucible, the author, Arthur Miller, demonstrates many examples of the complexity of â€Å"good† and â€Å"evil† in his characters. He does this through many characters, seen and unseen. The entire village bases its belief system on the conflict between Good vs. evil, or Satan vs. God. It may seem like evil is winning, as one innocent person after another is put to death. The towns people are mislabeling people as good or evil like Mary Warren, although they have very little evidence. Rebecca Nurse is an outstanding example of honesty, and a well-respected member of the†¦show more content†¦Against you? Against him and all authority! Why, then I must find it and join it. He does not mean that. He confessed it now! I mean it solemnly, Rebecca; I like not the smell of this authority. No, you cannot brea k charity with your minister. You are another kind, John. Clasp his hand, make your peace. (27-28) She is an example of strength and resolve for those who choose not to confess, even though it means going to their death. Although the audience is aware that the categories of â€Å"good† and â€Å"evil† have gotten terribly mixed up in this play, Mary is faced with a life or death situation: if she does what is really â€Å"good† she will die by those who hold the power and declare it â€Å"not good;† whereas if she does what is wrong, she ends up lying. Mary, tell the Governor what they- when, seeing him coming for her, she rushes out of his reach, screaming in horror. Dont touch me-dont touch me! Ill not hang with you! I love God, I love God. He bid you do the Devils work? He come at me by night and every day to sign, to sign, to- Sign what? The Devils book? He come with a book? My name, he want my name. Ill murder you, he says, if my wife hangs! We must go and overthrow the court, he says! Mr. Hale! I love God, I bless God. Sobbing, she rushes to Abigail. Abby, Abby, Ill never hurt you no more. What are you? Proctor is beyond speech in his anger. You are co mbined withShow MoreRelatedElements of Good and Evil in The Crucible by Arthur Miller1072 Words   |  5 Pages The play, The Crucible, is a fireball of guilt, evil, and good compiled into one magnification. It is a play with tremendous feelings, with many inside twists hidden in the archives of the true story. It is a play with emotional feelings; feelings of anger, hate, and evil, yet also feelings of goodness, and pureness. Undeniably, The Crucible is a play illustrating good versus evil.nbsp; The principal characters, Abigail Williams, John Proctor, Ann Putnam and Marry Warren all contain within themRead MoreGood Versus Evil in The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay examples649 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Jacobs that is now in jail (96). 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